Welsh was actively discouraged in schools by means including the hated Welsh Not. The mid-19th century was a turbulent period ...

The mid-19th century was a turbulent period in Welsh ... a means of forcing Welsh children to speak English at school. A stick or plaque was given to any child heard speaking Welsh during school ...

the Welsh education system of the late 19th century employed the 'Welsh Not' or 'Welsh Stick' as a method of discouraging children from speaking in their native tongue. This small piece of wood ...

The North Wales Women's Temperance Union was set up in Blaenau Ffestiniog in 1892. Branches sprang up all over north Wales, ...