Moreover, the model approximates the real shape of the AFM tip by a cone or a paraboloid. One should remember that indentation depth is determined indirectly from AFM measurements, and therefore ...

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During AFM imaging, scientists mount the sample on a piezoelectric scanner that enables 3D positioning with high resolution by generating an electrical charge in response to mechanical stress. 6 A ...

AFAM operates by exciting the sample with ultrasonic waves while simultaneously probing the surface with an AFM tip. The ultrasonic waves cause the sample to vibrate, and the AFM tip detects these ...

Schematic illustration of Friction Force Microscopy (FFM). The AFM cantilever, a small diving board-like structure about 200 micrometers long, 50 micrometers wide, and 1 micrometer thick, has a sharp ...