An AFM is capable of making these measurements by determining the pressure between a probe and the sample. Typically, the probe has a pyramid tip that is 3 to 6 micrometers tall. To resolve an image, ...

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Moreover, the model approximates the real shape of the AFM tip by a cone or a paraboloid. One should remember that indentation depth is determined indirectly from AFM measurements, and therefore ...

The AFM cantilever, a small diving board ... The normal force (FN) controls how hard the tip presses against the sample. FFM allows researchers to study friction, adhesion, and wear at the nanoscale, ...