“The albedo is a key input parameter for bifacial PV energy yield estimations, but best practices are not yet completely defined, and proper procedures for albedo measurement are still under debate.

Irradiation arriving at the rear side of bifacial modules is mainly determined by albedo, which is the ratio between downward irradiation reaching the ground and the upwelling irradiation ...

The global mean temperature also rose to nearly 1.5 degrees Celsius above the preindustrial level, another record ... the year with the lowest planetary albedo," says co-author Dr.