this rudimentary eye acquired a lens, an increase in retinal processing power (through the insertion of retinal bipolar cells), projection of the ganglion cell axons to thalamic regions ...

A synthetic molecule created in Italy has proven capable to reawakening retinal neurons to stave off degenerative illnesses ...

The retina is a layered structure that lines the inner surface of the eye. It consists of layers of neurons: light-sensitive photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells ...

The processing of optical information in the retina of the eye, where the light-sensitive photoreceptors and the first nerve cells are located, is one of the most energy-intensive processes in the ...

Bipolar cells left without a connection to a photoreceptor start to grow new branches, called dendrites. This image shows two S-cone bipolar cells (marked by *) contacting the same S-cone axon ...