Two protocols for switching between carvedilol, a third-generation nonselective agent with vasodilation through α 1 blockade, and a β 1-selective agent (e.g., metoprolol, atenolol) are described ...

Carvedilol has the capacity to block both the β-1 and β-2 adrenergic receptors, as well as the α-1 receptors. There is evidence to indicate that full adrenergic blockade by carvedilol improves ...

Maximum plasma concentrations of carvedilol occur 1-2 hours after oral administration. [9] Absolute bioavailability of carvedilol is approximately 23% due to extensive first-pass metabolism.

Carvedilol (as phosphate ... or dose reduction in patients with these risk factors. Agents with non-selective β-blocking activity may provoke chest pain in patients with Prinzmetal's variant ...