Coding sequences for the majority of chloroplast proteins have been lost, so these proteins are now encoded by the nuclear genome, synthesized in the cytoplasm, and transported from the cytoplasm ...

As a result, the chloroplast still possesses its own DNA, which is the source code for essential proteins that comprise the ...

Although chloroplasts have their own genome, most of their proteins are encoded in the nucleus and synthesized as preproteins in the cytosol. These preproteins are subsequently transported across ...