motor function and balance (walking ability, muscle strength, and tone), sensation, reflexes, coordination, and the 12 cranial nerves of the brain. These nerves are involved in smell, vision ...

Parasympathetic outflow through cranial nerve X (vagus) can cause reflexive bradycardia but can’t compensate for severe vasoconstriction. Full Color Exam Tree (PDF) is Free to Download or Print ...

Morphological integration of cranial form requires that certain traits covary in predictable patterns, which function as evolutionary paths of least resistance for natural selection to follow ...