This in turn induces a phase change in the liquid crystal, making them all align and thereby changing the refractive index. The team observed a 30-nm blueshift in the plasmon resonance when the ...

are materials with a periodic variation in their refractive index. This periodicity gives rise to photonic band gaps, which are frequency ranges where light propagation is prohibited. By carefully ...

they noticed that the light passing through the carrot compound (later known as "cholesteryl benzoate") exhibited the refraction effect of a solid crystal when heat was applied. By 1907 ...