How does the cell convert DNA into working proteins ... these multiple steps offer additional opportunities to regulate levels of protein production, and thereby fine-tune gene expression.

So how does protein synthesis make hair? If you've looked at the activity (or even the text version of the activity), you know how a section of DNA instructs a cell how to make a protein.

coli, as it can only take up circular DNA, an additional step is required to circularize ... design and production of alternative structural protein materials based on agricultural feedstocks.

This process of protein synthesis occurs in two stages - transcription and translation. When a gene is to be expressed, the base sequence of DNA is copied or transcribed into mRNA (messenger RNA).

Scientists who have described in a new study the step-by-step details of a ... The research team determined that one protein uses a short piece of DNA – known as a DNA guide – to set off ...

After that, the next step in CRISPR gene editing is usually ... The standard Cas9 protein cuts the DNA at the target. When the cut is repaired, mutations are introduced that usually disable ...