Medically reviewed by Kashif J. Piracha, MD The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen. This muscle, also called the thoracic diaphragm, is the main muscle used ...

To dissect the esophagus in the posterior mediastinum so as to have enough esophageal length below the diaphragm and avoid placing tension on the repair. To reconstruct the cardia. The same steps ...

above the diaphragm there was a tear ... with the demonstration of a radiopaque fluid flowing through the opening in the esophagus into the mediastinum or pleural cavity. When the three classic ...

Definition Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a more severe and long-lasting condition in which GER causes repeated symptoms that are bothersome or leads to complications over time. If you ...