Charged amino acid side chains can form ionic bonds, and polar amino acids are capable of forming hydrogen bonds. Hydrophobic side chains interact with each other via weak van der Waals interactions.

By converting their data into sounds, scientists discovered how hydrogen bonds contribute to the lightning-fast gyrations that transform a string of amino acids into a functional, folded protein.

For the first time, EPFL researchers have exclusively observed molecules participating in hydrogen bonds in liquid ... sugars, amino acids, DNA, or proteins," Roke says. "As CVS is not limited ...

Uracil forms hydrogen bonds with adenine in RNA, contributing to the molecule's structure and function. (Image: Public Domain) Uracil was first discovered in 1900 by the Italian chemist Alberto Ascoli ...

Proteins can further fold and assemble into complex structures, such as α-helices and β-sheets, which are stabilized by various interactions, including hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, and ...

In the research arena, it will now be possible to measure the contribution of base stacking to fidelity in the absence of hydrogen bonding ... encode an unnatural amino acid into a protein.

Free RNA nucleotides form hydrogen bonds with the exposed DNA strand nucleotides ... Peptide bonds form between the adjacent amino acids to finalise the structure.