and the IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor) receptor, which is essential for the survival of many tumor types. Signal transduction companies currently face two key challenges: First, the pathways ...

which can be programmed to differentiate into insulin-producing cells. Understanding the signal transduction pathways involved in the differentiation process is vital to the success of this approach.

Insulin and the ... were to affect leptin signal transduction as well, and the previous discussion highlighting cross talk between leptin and insulin signaling pathways emphasizes the feasibility ...