is the very late onset of NADPH regeneration: they indicate that most PPP enzymes are induced 4 to 7 minutes—or even later—after the oxidative perturbations 1. This might be fast for a genetic ...

When plant tissue is damaged by a pathogen, it triggers calcium signals which are then passed on from cell to cell. In addition, the cells use an NADPH oxidase (an enzyme in the cell membrane) to ...

In addition, the cells use an NADPH oxidase (an enzyme in the cell membrane) to release reactive oxygen species as further signaling molecules, which then interact with the calcium signals to ...