Background: Ascites and pleural effusion are well recognized complications of pancreatic diseases. Drug therapy of these is limited by high cost, prolonged hospitalization and failure rates ...

Ascites is the buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity, which often develops as a complication of liver disease. However, other conditions like pancreatic disease, malnutrition, certain cancers ...

The causes of the underlying pancreatic disease are listed in Table 1. Seven (25%) had both PA and PPE, 15 (53.6%) had ascites without PPE, and the rest (6; 21.4%) PPE only. There were 14 ...