PCOS is one of the most common disorders affecting women of reproductive age. As a syndrome, it has multiple components, including reproductive, metabolic, and cardiovascular, with long-term ...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy that affects women. PCOS is also a leading cause of infertility. Women with PCOS may present with obesity, amenorrhea ...

Immunological factors, such as chronic low-grade inflammation characterized by a rise in CRP levels, IL-6, and TNF-α, are involved in PCOS pathogenesis. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress ...