These interactions are complex, with predators consuming herbivores, plants and animals infected ... terms of the extent to which they negatively affect an organism’s fitness.

How does this trophic role affect the community ... omnivores feed upon plant versus prey resources determines their functional role as functional herbivores or predators. Which role they play ...

In wild plants, nutrient dilution affects not only herbivorous animals but also entire ecosystems ... disrupting predator-prey relationships and altering species interactions. For example, predators ...

This decline in plant nutrition could significantly affect herbivores, from insects to giant pandas, by forcing them to spend more time foraging, thereby increasing their vulnerability to predators ...

The way it works is using predators' side products, dried blood, and irritating-smell plants to trigger biologically and genetically ingrained fear in deer and rabbits. While many other repellants ...

A consumer that only eats plants is called a herbivore. The frog is the secondary ... and these are consumed by predators. The final consumer at the top of the food chain is called a top (or ...

Large introduced herbivores ... predators and often flee. The solution may be to stop killing dingoes. It can be a shock to see the impact of feral pigs, deer, camels and buffalo. They eat plants ...