The habenula is a phylogenetically old brain structure that is present in virtually ... are involved in the release of dopamine (the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area ...

The substantia ... [+] nigra plays an important role in reward, addiction, and movement. Degeneration of this structure is characteristic of Parkinson's disease. In late 2018, Japanese ...

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta ... determined the receptor's structure in different states, including ...