The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, risk stratification, effectiveness of radioiodine therapy, and treatment response evaluation in epithelial ...

TSH levels higher than 4.5 mU/L usually indicate an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), and low TSH levels—below 0.4 ...

For more than twenty-five years, TSH methods have been able to detect the TSH elevations that are characteristic of primary hypothyroidism. Modern-day TSH methods however, with their enhanced ...

TSH reference intervals should be established from the 95 % confidence limits of the log-transformed values of at least 120 rigorously screened normal euthyroid volunteers who have: ...

At the same time, heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the U.S., affecting nearly half of adults aged 20 and ...

Pregnant women whose serum TSH levels are elevated give cause for concern, as such increases indicate primary maternal thyroid insufficiency. If iodine intake is adequate, the most likely causes ...