Scientists theorized that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) would initiate immune ... In contrast, TLRs 3, 7, 8, and 9 are situated in the membranes of endosomes and lysosomes; the extracellular domain ...

In a recent Perspective in Nature Immunology 1, Blander and Medzhitov explored the function of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in controlling the maturation of phagosomes in macrophages and ...

EMCV: Encephalomyocarditis virus; HCMV: Human CMV: MCMV: Mouse CMV; MMTV: Mouse mammary tumor virus; pDC: Plasmacytoid dendritic cell; PTV: Punta Toro virus; SARS-CoV ...