Producers Green plants - they make glucose during photosynthesis. Primary consumers Usually eat plant material - they are herbivores. For example rabbits, caterpillars, cows and sheep. Secondary ...

Predators at the top of a marine food chain 130 million years ago ruled with more power than any modern species, McGill ...

The questions in this quiz are suitable for GCSE biology students studying trophic levels, pyramids of biomass, and transfer of biomass. If you struggled with the quiz, don't panic - we've got you!

Trophic cascades are powerful indirect interactions that can control entire ecosystems. Trophic cascades occur when predators limit the density and/or behavior of their prey and thereby enhance ...

Energy flow diagrams often depict secondary production as the flow leaving one trophic level and entering (being ingested by) the next. Many ecologists, however, have demonstrated that secondary ...

Researchers measure the levels of anthropogenic particles present in various seafood caught along the West Coat of the United States.

A generic BAF model for fish. BAF-QSAR v1.1 provides estimates of the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for generic fish species in lower, middle and upper trophic levels of aquatic food webs. The BAF ...

Once absorbed by plants, they interact with herbivores, pollinators, and mycorrhiza. MNPs transfer across trophic levels through multiple potential pathways, and may affect biodiversity patterns ...