PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition): A vacuum coating process used to produce thin films and coatings by vaporizing a solid material and depositing it onto a substrate. Crystallographic Reorientation ...

Since 1991, VPT has specialized in providing cost-effective vacuum equipment and process solutions to customers' exacting requirements. VPT supplies custom and standard equipment to a wide range of ...

Grain Refinement: The process of reducing the size of grains in a material to improve its mechanical properties, such as strength and ductility. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD): A vacuum coating ...

Spin coating is a widely used technique for depositing thin, uniform films onto flat substrates. It involves the application of a liquid material onto a rotating substrate, which spreads the material ...