Since 1991, VPT has specialized in providing cost-effective vacuum equipment and process solutions to customers' exacting requirements. VPT supplies custom and standard equipment to a wide range of ...

PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition): A vacuum coating process used to produce thin films and coatings by vaporizing a solid material and depositing it onto a substrate. Crystallographic Reorientation ...

The laboratory sputtering systems Z400 and Z400neo (Systec SVS vacuum coatings, Karlstadt, Germany) have 2 sources with HF, DC or pulsed power supply (100W to 3000 W), BIAS voltage on the substrate, ...

Grain Refinement: The process of reducing the size of grains in a material to improve its mechanical properties, such as strength and ductility. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD): A vacuum coating ...