Figure 2b: A spinal angiogram of the same fistula demonstrating the enlarged artery (white arrow) connecting with the massively enlarged spinal vein (red arrow) and draining vein (blue arrow) leading ...

Arteriovenous fistulas are believed to be superior to grafts for vascular access in hemodialysis patients, but it is unclear whether this holds true in patients with a previous fistula failure.

Secondary aortoenteric fistula (SAF) is an uncommon but very important complication of abdominal aortic reconstruction. The complication often occurs months to years after aortic surgery.

Forearm venous distensibility is, therefore, an important determinant of fistula maturation and could be of value when deciding upon the best vascular access type for a particular patient.