They found that the branched mRNA generated a fluorescent signal that was three- to five-fold ... they found that the branched mRNA led to a four-fold increase in Cas9 protein expression in comparison ...

Whereas Northern blots allow scientists to measure the expression ... the extracted mRNA. Specifically, each tube receives nucleotides marked with a particular fluorescent color: red or green.

One way they do this is to use a DNA microarray to determine the expression ... the messenger RNA (mRNA) is isolated from the samples. The mRNA is color-coded with fluorescent tags and used ...

“We detect this mRNA expression, using probes for each specific ... that extend from the neurons at each injection site. The fluorescent tracer patterns then show up in images,” says Watakabe.