This technique has shown promising results in maintaining olfactory function post-surgery, suggesting that careful surgical planning can lead to better outcomes for patients[4]. Endoscopic Skull ...

In its cranial course ... of left persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA) was made, and our patient was advised follow-up imaging. An aneurysm at its hairpin curve, resulting from the ...

A critical aspect of successful ESS is a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the anterior skull base, particularly the olfactory fossa and ethmoid roof. Recent research has focused on the ...

The olfactory system ... like sensory and motor nerves of the skin, facial/scalp muscles, etc. As a result, the non-invasive electrode placements proposed in this study may activate additional ...