Objective The PD-1 axis promotes protection against autoimmunity. Immune checkpoint (IC) molecules performance in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) remains unknown. This ...

1 Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2 Neuroscience Research Australia & Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, ...

Autoimmune disease is controlled by host genes and the environment. Both can increase susceptibility to autoimmunity by affecting the overall reactivity and quality of the cells of the immune system.