Cesium ion (Cs +) contamination is a significant environmental concern, particularly in areas affected by nuclear activities. Effective removal techniques are essential for ensuring public health ...

Negative Ion: An ion that has gained one or more electrons, resulting in a net negative charge. Cesium Conditioning: A process that involves the introduction of cesium into an ion source to ...

Scientists developed a highly accurate optical ion clock, improving time measurement precision by 1,000 times.

Recent research published in Physical Review Letters by PTB (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt) details the development of a new indium-ytterbium crystal optical clock, which achieves an accuracy ...

in the case of cesium — the number of atoms changing state will be at a maximum, so you know when you’ve hit the right frequency. Optical clocks such as the aluminum ion, ytterbium ...