For example, an artificial mRNA of alternating guanine and uracil nucleotides (GUGUGUGUGUGU) should be read in translation as two alternating codons, GUG and UGU, thus encoding a protein of two ...

The part of DNA that determines what protein to produce and when ... human dispersion.While most aspects of DNA are identical in samples from all human beings, concentrating on identifying ...

The new finding is published in Cell in an article titled, “ SMC motor proteins extrude DNA asymmetrically and can switch directions ,” and is key to understanding how these motors shape our genome ...

SMC proteins can reverse direction, reshaping DNA and solving key scientific debates. This discovery could impact research on ...

APOBEC enzymes, which normally help fight viral infections by mutating viral DNA, cause repeat expansions and are unusually ...

However, in the half-century since the structure of DNA was first elaborated, scientists have learned that RNA does much more than simply play a role in protein synthesis. For example, many types ...

Rock and dust samples retrieved by NASA from the asteroid Bennu exhibit some of the chemical building blocks of life, ...

The building blocks for life, including salts, organic matter and amino acids have been found in samples returned to Earth ...

DNA-nanoparticle motors are exactly as they sound: tiny artificial motors that use the structures of DNA and RNA to propel motion by enzymatic RNA degradation. Essentially, chemical energy is ...

For example, some of the mutations behind Rett syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, prevent a specific protein from binding to DNA. This process would normally enable the protein to turn ...

Scientists from Delft, Vienna, and Lausanne discovered that the protein machines that shape our DNA can switch direction ... ones should be turned off, for example in response to food, alcohol ...