These glycoproteins share similar structures and composition (82–96% protein and 4–18% carbohydrate), but differ in size, charge, amino acid sequence and effector function. The most abundant isotype ...

Many molecular details of signal transmission from ubiquitylated proteins (substrates that are modified following various cellular stimuli) to effector proteins (ubiquitin receptors containing one ...

Type III secretion systems (T3SS) are sophisticated molecular machines used by many gram-negative bacteria to inject effector proteins directly into host cells. This mechanism is crucial for ...

UCSF scientists discover how cancer cells hijack the protein factory of the cell to churn out MYC protein, the driver of 70% ...

Soybean growers across the globe face a silent but devastating threat: the soybean cyst nematode (SCN). This microscopic ...

Soybean growers across the globe face a silent but devastating threat: the soybean cyst nematode (SCN). This microscopic pathogen attacks soybean roots, jeopardizing crop yields and causing more than ...

T cells play a pivotal role in the immune system by transforming into powerful effector cells that combat pathogens. This transformation requires rapid proliferation, during which DNA replication ...

The model, which is predominantly based on genetic gain- or loss-of-function studies, implies that RAS is locked into an active state in cancer and engages various effector proteins to regulate ...

Soybean growers across the globe face a silent but devastating threat: the soybean cyst nematode (SCN). This microscopic pathogen attacks soybean ...

They attract these vectors by triggering the growth of unusual plant structures and clustering of leaves through effector molecules, such as the virulence protein SAP54. However, the mechanisms ...

The growth protein, MYC, was consistently found with RBM42, which spurs MYC production, in human pancreatic tumors. Above, microscopy for MYC (red ...