Large numbers of the same goods are produced continuously in this production process. There is often an opportunity for a high level of automation on a flow production assembly line.

It was not until the 1970s–1980s that ecologists began fine-tuning methods and addressing questions outside the energy flow paradigm (Benke & Huryn 2010). That is, population production by ...

Flows for production and ingestion were derived from ... similar to trophic positions identified by stable isotope (SI) methods. But both methods depend on the accuracy of certain assumptions.