Charged amino acid side chains can form ionic bonds, and polar amino acids are capable of forming hydrogen bonds. Hydrophobic side chains interact with each other via weak van der Waals interactions.

In the research arena, it will now be possible to measure the contribution of base stacking to fidelity in the absence of hydrogen bonding ... encode an unnatural amino acid into a protein.

The sequence of amino acids in a protein, known as its primary structure, determines its unique three-dimensional shape and function. Proteins can further fold and assemble into complex structures, ...

For their analysis, the team focused on hydrogen bonds, which are weak bonds that the protein forms internally between the atoms in its amino acids and with the water surrounding it. These bonds are ...

Free RNA nucleotides form hydrogen bonds with the exposed DNA strand nucleotides ... Peptide bonds form between the adjacent amino acids to finalise the structure.

In this type of pairing, adenine (A) forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine (T) in DNA or uracil (U ... The sequence of base pairs in DNA determines the genetic code, which is read in triplets (codons) ...