Doescher: Pharmaceutical companies or manufacturers develop the insulin and set a list price. Then you have wholesalers who transport the insulin and sell it to the pharmacy. The patient ...

The tight junctions (blocks) and adherens junctions (ovals) between endothelial cells in the brain vasculature prevent paracellular transport through the endothelial layer. Insulin is in CSF at ...

Being obese or overweight is one of the major diabetes risk factors. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, may also be ...

reduced blood-brain barrier insulin transport, or reduced neuronal responsiveness to insulin can be invoked to explain how insulin action in the brain of affected individuals might be attenuated.

The main barrier to nasal delivery of insulin is a process called mucociliary clearance, which is designed to remove foreign bodies from the nasal cavity. During this process, nasal cilia beat in a ...

After all, insulin resistance is a serious condition where the body struggles to transport and store glucose because the cell receptors don't respond to insulin, the hormone involved in glucose ...

Cortisol has been shown to depress the glucose phosphorylating capacity of striated muscle and the responsiveness of the glucose transport system to insulin. 15 Perhaps the "peripheral machinery ...

If you have type 2 diabetes, it’s important to manage your hormone levels, as an imbalance can alter how your body responds to insulin. Lifestyle measures like reducing stressors and eating a ...

Understanding the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance remains a major medical challenge of the twenty-first century. Over the last half-century, many hypotheses have been proposed to ...

In muscle and other tissues (except the brain), insulin causes rapid transport of glucose and amino acids intracellularly, promotes anabolism, and inhibits protein catabolism. In the liver ...