On the lower half of the leaf are spongy mesophyll cells. These have air spaces between them to let gases flow. The stomata - tiny openings or pores – allow gases such as carbon dioxide and ...

Variations in leaf anatomy, such as cell wall thickness ... This reduction is primarily due to a decrease in mesophyll conductance (gm), which is associated with thicker cell walls and fewer ...

Key to the new GPP estimate is a better representation of mesophyll diffusion—the process by which OCS and CO2 move from leaves into chloroplasts. Mesophyll layers act as significant barriers to ...

and ends with the fully structured leaf, composed of several cell types such as trichomes, guard cells, epidermal and mesophyll layers, and vascular cells.

Spongy mesophyll close spongy mesophyllThe plant tissue in a leaf which has loosely packed cells and air spaces between them to allow gas exchange. tissue is packed loosely for efficient gas exchange.