Objectives Metabolic changes are crucially involved in osteoclast development and may contribute to bone degradation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The enzyme aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1) is known ...

As far back as 1873, Kölliker 1 observed the existence of osteoclasts in the periosteum of normal bone. Lacroix 2 also made several references to the presence of periosteal osteoclasts during ...

So, the effect of black tea extract (BTE) and thearubigins (TRs) on osteoporosis in rats and osteoclast formation in vitro were investigated. Methods: In vivo, ovariectomized (OVX) rats were used to ...

ARTEMIN (ARTN), one of the glial-cell derived neurotrophic factor family of ligands, has been reported to be associated with a number of human malignancies. In this study, the enhanced expression of ...