Chain, E., Florey, H. W., Gardner, A. D., Heatley, N. G., Jennings, M. A., and Orr-Ewing, J., Sanders, A. G., Lancet, ii, 226 (1940). Abraham, E. P., Chain, E ...

The urine of diabetic patients was ultimately found to provide a good culture medium for the mould, and, for the .routine production of penicillin-active filtrates, was adjusted to contain 4 per ...

The significance of these developments in hastening the mass production of penicillin cannot be overstated: “At the beginning of 1942 they didn't have any [penicillin], and by the end of ‘42 they had ...

In the 1940s, two scientists, Florey and Chain, were able to produce a pure form of penicillin, which Fleming had been unable to do. They were able to begin large-scale production of penicillin.

and the government pushed industry into producing penicillin, recruiting more than 21 chemical companies into production. From January to May 1943, only 400 million units of penicillin had been ...

Indeed, since their 1960s heyday, the production of novel antibiotics has declined markedly and it’s been 30 years since a major new class of antibiotics for clinical use has been discovered. There ...