A group of scientists led by the Chouaïb Doukkali University in Morocco has designed a photovoltaic-thermal solar panel based on a channel-box heat exchanger aimed at improving convective exchange.

Inside, the box is divided into upper and lower sections. Water flows through the top half, featuring an evaporator layer on its surface that utilizes solar heat to evaporate water directly.

The “Day and Night Solar Heater” featured a coil of copper pipe in an insulated box under a pane of glass. As water in the ...