The ICT (Intraoperative Cone-Beam Tomography) was attached to the spinous process and positioned near the desired screw level ... For thoracic screws, it is crucial to prevent the transverse process ...

If the patient’s head was rotated in the CTA acquisition (axial imaging), we manually defined a line perpendicular to the axis of the third cervical vertebral spinous process through the middle of the ...

RSP was assessed in two ways: the total scapular distance (TSD) and forward shoulder translation (FST).24 25 The spinous process of the third thoracic vertebrae (T3) and the inferior angle of the ...