Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations (Type II ... Figure 3a: Intra-operative view of a Type 1 spinal dural fistula surgery. The enlarged vein (blue arrow) laying on the spinal nerves (white arrow) is ...

Neurosurgery is often the best option for small to medium size AVMs in favorable areas of the brain because it allows for the immediate and complete cure of the AVM, with a good safety profile. The ...

The National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines encourage more-frequent use of primary arteriovenous ... to predict whether a fistula will mature ...

As baseline levels of IL-6 prior to hemodialysis AVF creation increase, so does the risk for AVF failure. Elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) prior to surgery to create an arteriovenous ...

In May 2023, she underwent surgery after being diagnosed with arteriovenous fistula, a type of oversized vein that can result in health complications, such as bleeding, infection, and issues with ...