First, all seven of the basic retinal cell types have been identified and well characterized (Fig. 1) (3). Rod and cone photoreceptors respond to light, and transmit signals to bipolar cells.

A multidisciplinary team of researchers from the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT-Italian Institute of Technology) and ...

A multidisciplinary team of researchers from the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT-Italian Institute of Technology) and ...

Jan. 15, 2025 — While most known types of DNA damage are fixed by our cells' in-house DNA repair mechanisms, some forms of DNA damage evade repair and can persist for many years, new research shows.

22, 2025 — Pathogen-fighting immune cells called tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells (TRM cells) go through a surprising transformation -- and relocation -- as they fight infections in the small ...

Organizations dedicated to helping those with bipolar disorder provide valuable resources, education, and advocacy. They make it easier for individuals with the diagnosis, their families, caregivers, ...

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and bipolar disorder are separate conditions, but they share significant overlap in mood-related symptoms. Research suggests that people living with bipolar ...

Overall, the diagnostic symptoms of bipolar disorder, based on hypomania or mania and depressive episodes, are the same as for adults. However, diagnosis in children and adolescents is complicated by ...

Pluripotent stem cells are cells that have the capacity to self-renew by dividing and to develop into the three primary germ cell layers of the early embryo and therefore into all cells of the ...

A fuel cell is a device that generates electric energy through electrochemical reactions between an oxidizing agent and a fuel – a material that stores energy in chemical form. Both species are ...

Although neurons are considered the basic units of the brain and nervous system, they do not do all the work. Glia are a non-neuronal category of cells that do not transmit electrical signals but ...