Most cell signals are chemical in nature. For example, prokaryotic organisms have sensors that detect nutrients and help them navigate toward food sources. In multicellular organisms, growth ...

This usually arises either from a loss of key signaling molecules in the TGF-β signal transduction pathway (e.g., TGF-β receptors ... tumor suppressor genes which cause the cell to stop proliferation ...

Rice University bioengineers have developed a new construction kit for building custom sense-and-respond circuits in human ...