"In this class of materials, comprising many transition metal oxides, a small change of the ... these transitions are not random but depend on defects in the structure's topology.

Similarly to the historical development of those materials, understanding and control of the defect structure in oxides is of paramount importance. In the midst of much discussion for eliminating ...

During the manufacture of a metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS ... Doping 1 Before Cleaning Metallization 2 Before Cleaning Miscellaneous 3 Before Cleaning Oxide Defect 8 Before Cleaning Silicon Defect 1 ...

But catalysis generally relies on these defects for its reactions ... such as carbon and silica, rather than metal oxides and ...

happens when a metal continues to oxidise. The metal becomes weaker over time, and eventually all of it may become metal oxide.