Even when antimicrobials gain access via porins, they are frequently pumped back out of the cell by efflux pumps. Again, the cell can control which pumps are produced and under which circumstances.

The company’s pipeline includes investigational, preclinical and clinical stage anti-resistance agents based on novel mechanisms of action that include efflux pump inhibition and modulation of ...

Little is known, however, about the arrangement of drug-efflux pumps within this barrier. Bart et al. have studied the localization of the efflux pumps P-gp, BCRP, MRP1 and MRP2 to better ...