Precision spectroscopy of helium and other atomic systems is a vital area of research in modern physics, particularly in testing fundamental theories like quantum electrodynamics (QED).

as well as their potential applications in spectroscopy and cluster formation. One significant area of research involves the use of helium nanodroplets as a medium for studying molecular ions.

Astrochemists, as those who work in this field are called, have to separate the signature of hydrogen from the signature of ...