The GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-ergic interneurons of the cerebral cortex are a diverse population of cells. Their diversity is manifested in every aspect of their phenotype, as evidenced by their ...

the average thickness of the lamina, the derivative of the entry point of the cutting path, and the degree of overlap between adjacent vertebrae. We then apply multi-objective optimization algorithms ...

The transverse process is a small bone that extends from both sides of the vertebrae. While injuries to this area are painful, they are typically not career-threatening. Despite the discomfort ...

Why Trust Us? Scientists have officially grown a notochord—the tissues that act as the “GPS for the developing embryo” by guiding the formation of the spine and nervous system. Previous ...

Therefore, automating the patient-specific modeling process is essential. Methods: We developed an automated and robust pipeline that generates and simulates biofidelic vertebrae and intervertebral ...