Locations of individual study areas are described in the text. After Keppie (2000). The Appalachian orogen of North America is divisible with some controversy into five tectonolithologic zones which ...

A round 370 million years ago, Earth gradually descended into the longest lived and probably the most intense ice age witnessed by complex life: the Late Paleozoic ice age. At its peak, huge ...

A lot has happened in that time. Earth formed and oxygen levels rose in the foundational years of the Precambrian. The productive Paleozoic era gave rise to hard-shelled organisms, vertebrates ...

The Devonian, part of the Paleozoic era, is otherwise known as the Age of Fishes, as it spawned a remarkable variety of fish. The most formidable of them were the armored placoderms, a group that ...