The three-signal paradigm tries to capture how the innate immune system instructs adaptive immune responses in three well-defined actions: (1) presentation of antigenic peptides in the context of MHC ...

68 In a study of untreated patients undergoing evaluation for short stature (NCGS substudy 6), mean IGF1 SDS was − 1.7 ± 1.7, indicating that a little less than half of the group had evidence ...

With the epidemic of human obesity, dietary fats have increasingly become a focal point of biomedical research. Epidemiological studies indicate that high-fat diets (HFDs), especially those rich in ...

This would mean that only those cells that generate a non-autoreactive receptor within a certain time frame are rescued from the FOXO-induced apoptosis, whereas cells that fail to do so are deleted.

From the Center for Systems Biology (W.C.P., M.N., F.K.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston. From the Center for Systems Biology (W ...