Note in this example that the pharyngeal response is very feeble, giving rise to low amplitude synchronous pressure waves within the pharynx. There is very poor clearance of the swallowed bolus ...

Additionally, research has explored the broader implications of botulinum toxin injections for upper esophageal sphincter (UES) dysfunction, which can significantly impact patients' quality of life.

GERD affects the lower sphincter (muscular ring) in the esophagus, and LPR affects the upper esophageal sphincter. LPR is ...

ACCORDING to Templeton and Kredel, 1 "The ericopharyngeus muscle is a true sphincter which can be easily demonstrated at Roentgenologic examination. When the Valsalva test is performed ...

retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction (R-CPD), also known as "no burp syndrome." The cricopharyngeus is the main muscle of the upper esophageal sphincter, the top gate of the food pipe.