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While the Class XI book dealt with morphology, taxonomy, molecular and cellular aspects of physiology, the Class XII book deals with the physiological process of reproduction in flowering plants and humans, the principles of inheritance, the nature of genetic material and its function, the contributions of biology to human welfare, basic

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BIOLOGY reproduction-related areas are currently in operation under the popular name ‘Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) programmes ’. Creating awareness among people about various reproduction related aspects and providing facilities and support for building up a reproductively healthy society are the major tasks under these programmes.

BIOLOGY The detritus food chain (DFC) begins with dead organic matter. It is made up of decomposers which are heterotrophic organisms, mainly fungi and bacteria. They meet their energy and nutrient requirements by degrading dead organic matter or detritus. These are also known as saprotrophs (sapro: to decompose). Decomposers secrete digestive

of molecular biology and genetics was laid down by many eminent scientists of that time, such as Watson, Crick, Nirenberg, Khorana, Monod, Benzer, etc. The contributions of these scientists and the concepts explained by them have been discussed in three chapters of this unit. Chapter 6.indd 145 11/14/2019 10:12:55 AM

Biology is the study of living organisms. The detailed description of their form and appearance only brought out their diversity. It is the cell theory that emphasised the unity underlying this diversity of forms, i.e., the cellular organisation of all life forms. A description of cell

12. A particular species of plant produces light, non-sticky pollen in large numbers and its stigmas are long and feathery. These modifications facilitate pollination by: a. Insects b. Water c. Wind d. Animals. 13. From among the situations given below, choose the one that prevents both autogamy and geitonogamy. a. Monoecious plant bearing ...

BIOLOGY Let us look at so me interesting aspects about earth’s biodiversity based on the currently available species inventories. More than 70 per cent of all the species recorded are animals, while plants (including algae, fungi, bryophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms) comprise no more than 22 per cent of the total.