2022年9月26日 · Insulin is an anabolic hormone that elicits metabolic effects throughout the body. In the pancreas, exocrine tissue known as the islets of Langerhans contain beta cells. Beta cells are responsible for insulin synthesis.

Insulin enhances glucose uptake and metabolism in the cells, thereby reducing blood sugar. Their neighboring alpha cells, by taking their cues from the beta cells, [10] secrete glucagon into the blood in the opposite manner: increased secretion when blood glucose is low, and decreased secretion when glucose concentrations are high.

One of the critical mechanisms linking neuroendocrine activation with lipid metabolism is insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, and facilitates the utilization of glucose by tissues.

Insulin mediates glucose metabolism in cells through insulin receptors. It binds and promotes the cellular uptake of glucose into highly metabolic tissues such as fat and skeletal muscle and inhibits hepatic glucose output, by which it lowers BGL [25].

2024年7月25日 · Insulin directly or indirectly affects the function of virtually every tissue in the body. However, in this brief overview, we will focus on insulin's metabolic effects on the three tissues most responsible for energy storage: liver, muscle, and adipose tissue (table 2).

Section IV has attempted to describe the central characteristics of insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle, liver, and WAT, focusing on the effectors of insulin signaling and the direct metabolic effects of insulin that become insulin resistant.

Insulin is the master regulator of glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. Following ingestion of an oral glucose load or mixed meal, the plasma glucose concentration rises, insulin secretion by the beta cells is stimulated and the hyperinsulinemia, working in …

In this article, we discussed the role of insulin in several physiological processes, including metabolic homeostasis, as well as insulin secretion, regulation, and the development of insulin-signaling targeted therapies.

This review describes the role of insulin in the metabolism and functions of leukocytes and how the state of insulin resistance affects its molecular signaling as well as its metabolic and immune function.

2023年8月28日 · Describe the action of insulin on glucose metabolism. Review the synthesis of insulin in pancreatic beta cells. Outline the relationship between insulin and potassium and its importance in the management of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.